The CFA established the high-threshold 'substantial grounds for believing real risk' test for non-refoulement claims under the Convention Against Torture in HK immigration decisions.
immigration
Executive detention of non-citizens is only lawful where removal is reasonably practicable; indefinite detention where removal is not possible is constitutionally invalid, effectively overruling Al-Kateb.
HCA considered s 80 Constitution guarantee of trial by jury and the Kable principle as they apply to territory courts and territory criminal proceedings.
Ministerial discretion to cancel a visa on character grounds must be exercised according to statutory criteria and is subject to judicial review for legal error.
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