Rule 11 sanctions may be imposed after voluntary dismissal; abuse-of-discretion review of Rule 11 factual findings and sanction choices
Civil Procedure — FRCP 11 sanctions
District court may impose Rule 11 sanctions even if it is later determined to have lacked subject-matter jurisdiction
Rule 11’s reasonable-inquiry certifications apply to a represented party who signs a paper, not only to attorneys
Inherent power to sanction bad-faith conduct exists alongside Rule 11 and statutes; use with caution and procedural safeguards
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