Keen Lloyd Energy Ltd v Bank of China (Hong Kong) Ltd

Costs of raising a healthy child born following negligent sterilisation advice are recoverable as damages in a wrongful birth claim.

HCA held that a general neighbourhood principle cannot determine duty of care; coherence of the law acts as a constraining factor in novel duty situations.

High Court of Australia established a multi-factor approach to pure economic loss, considering vulnerability, assumption of responsibility, and control in determining duty of care.