Punitive damages exceeding a single-digit ratio to compensatory damages are likely constitutionally excessive under the Due Process Clause, and out-of-state conduct cannot ordinarily ground such awards.
tort
High Court of Australia held a religious organisation vicariously liable for sexual abuse by a priest, recognising a relationship akin to employment sufficient to ground vicarious liability.
High Court of Australia held that the peak indebtedness rule does not apply when assessing unfair preferences under s 588FA of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).
An employer owes a duty to take reasonable steps to protect an employee from psychiatric injury caused by vicarious trauma, and may breach that duty by failing to act on obvious warning signs.
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