Stilk v Myrick

Promissory estoppel cannot found a cause of action as a sword where no pre-existing contractual relationship or obligation otherwise exists.

Practical benefit obtained by a promisor from a promisee's performance of an existing contractual duty can constitute good consideration for a promise of additional payment.

A clear and unequivocal promise intended to be acted upon, and which is acted upon, may be enforced in equity by way of promissory estoppel even without consideration.