United States rule 23 commonalityrule 23b2title vii discrimination

Wal-Mart Stores Inc v Dukes

564 U.S. 338 (2011)

JurisdictionUnited States

CourtSupreme Court of the United States

Year2011

StatusBinding authority

Key Principle

Class certification under Rule 23(a) requires significant proof of a general policy of discrimination; commonality demands common answers, not merely common questions.

Area of Law

Civil Procedure

Related Cases

Klein v. Martin 607 U. S. 213 (2026)

Glossip v Oklahoma 604 U.S. 226 (2025)

Cunningham v. Cornell 604 U.S. 693 (2025)

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