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United States Leading Case rule 23 certification

Wal-Mart Stores Inc v Dukes

564 U.S. 338 (2011)
JurisdictionUnited States
CourtSupreme Court of the United States
Year2011
StatusBinding authority

Summary

Class certification under Rule 23(a) requires common answers, not merely common questions.

Key Principle

Class certification under Rule 23(a) requires significant proof of a general policy of discrimination; commonality demands common answers, not merely common questions.

Area of Law

Civil Procedure

Related Cases

Medcalf v Mardell [2002] UKHL 27
Ridehalgh v Horsefield [1994] Ch 205
Inc. v. Estados Unidos Mexicanos 605 U. S. 280 (2025)

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