Wham Kwok Han Jolovan v PP

Section 16(1)(a) of the Public Order Act, requiring a permit for public assemblies including indoor events where non-citizens participate, is a constitutionally valid restriction on the right of peaceable assembly under Art 14(1)(b), and the court must apply a three-step framework — assessing whether there is a restriction, whether Parliament considered it necessary or expedient, and whether it bears an objective nexus to a permitted constitutional purpose — rather than a simple presumption of constitutionality.