Demirel v Stadt Schwabisch Gmund

The Court of Justice has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings interpreting an association agreement concluded by the Community (which forms an integral part of Community law), but Article 12 of the EEC-Turkey Association Agreement and Article 36 of its Additional Protocol on freedom of movement for workers are merely programmatic provisions and are not directly effective, because they do not lay down a sufficiently precise and unconditional rule capable of governing the situation of individuals.