Ng Giap Hon v Westcomb Securities Pte Ltd

Limitation-of-liability clauses in commercial contracts are enforceable and subject to ordinary principles of contractual construction in Singapore.

Plain meaning of contractual words prevails unless surrounding context clearly demands otherwise; commercial sense alone cannot displace clear text.

Court of Appeal laid down three-step framework for implying terms in fact: identify a gap, establish necessity, and formulate the specific term to be implied.