Specific personal jurisdiction exists where a defendant's forum contacts 'relate to' the plaintiff's claims, even without strict causation between those contacts and the injury.
Personal Jurisdiction
Specific personal jurisdiction requires a connection between the forum, the defendant, and the particular claims at issue; non-resident plaintiffs in mass-tort suits cannot rely on co-plaintiffs' contacts.
General personal jurisdiction over a corporation is limited to forums where it is 'essentially at home', typically its place of incorporation or principal place of business.
General personal jurisdiction over a foreign corporation requires its affiliations with the forum state to be so continuous and systematic as to render it essentially at home there.
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