Gard Marine & Energy Ltd v China National Chartering Co Ltd (The Ocean Victory)

An exclusive jurisdiction clause in a bill of lading may be enforced by anti-suit injunction, balancing comity and the strength of the clause.

Singapore Court of Appeal considered maritime liens for necessaries (bunker supply), title to sue under transferred bills of lading, and privity/assignment issues in shipping claims.

Under a bill of lading governed by the Hague-Visby Rules, a carrier's obligation to properly load and stow cargo is non-delegable.